4. Simple method to estimate the amplification by surface soil

The precise numerical simulation of surface soil amplification is becoming practical with the progress of the numerical analysis methodology and accumulation of the information on the ground conditions. On the other hand, simple methods to estimate the amplification by surface soil are also studied for the purpose of the building regulation and so on. Among them, following thirteen papers are shown in this page.

1) S. Midorikawa, M. Matsuoka and K. Sakugawa, 1994, Site Effects on Strong-Motion Records Observed During the 1987 Chhiba-Ken-Toho-Oki, Japan Earthquake, Proc. 9th Japan Earthq. Eng. Symp., E-085 - E-090.

2) M. Matsuoka and S. Midorikawa, 1994, GIS-Based Seismic Hazard Mapping Using the Digital National Land Information, Proc. 9th Japan Earthq. Eng. Symp., E-331 - E-336.

3) W. B. Joyner and T. E. Fumal, 1984, Use of Measured Shear-Wave Velocity for Predicting Geologic Site Effects on Strong Ground Motion, Proc. 8th World Conf. on Earthq. Eng., 777-783.

4) R. Borcherdt, C. M. Wentworth, A. Janssen, T. Fumal, and J. Gibbs, 1991, Methodology for Predictive GIS Mapping of Special Study Zones for Strong Ground Shaking in the San Francisco Bay Region, CA, Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Seismic Zonation, 545-552.

5) Building Seismic Safety Council, 2001, NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, 2000 edition, Part 1: Provisions (FEMA 368).

6) I. Tamura, F. Yamazaki and K. T. Shabestari, 2000, Relation between the Average S-wave Velocity and Site Amplification Ratio Using K-net Records, Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Seismic Zonation, CD-ROM.

7) J. P. Stewart, A. H. Liu and Y. Choi, 2003, Amplification factors for Spectral Acceleration in Tectonically active Regions, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., Vol. 93, No. 1, 332-352.

8) C. J. Wills, M. Petersen, W. A. Bryant, M. Reichle, G. J. Saucedo, S. Tan, G. Taylor, and J. Treiman, 2000, A Site-Conditions Map for California Based on Geology and Shear-wave Velocity, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90, No.6B, S187-S208.

9) Hiroshi Kawase and hidenori Matsuo, 2004, Relationship of S-wave Velocity Structures and Site Effects Separated from the Observed Strong Motion Data of K-NET, and JMA Network, Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering, vol. 4, No. 4, 126-145 (in Japanese).

10) Yasuo Uchiyama and Saburoh Midorikawa, 2004, Practical Method To Evaluate Response Spectra of Bedrock Motions using amplification Factors for Site Classes, J. Struct. Constr. Eng., AIJ, No. 582, 39-46 (in Japanese).

11) Yoojoong Choi, and Jonathan P. Stewart, 2005, Nonlinear Site Amplification as Function of 30m Shear Wave Velocity, Earthquake Spectra, Volume 21, No. 1, 1-30.

12) Masashi Matsuoka, Kazue Wakamatsu, Kazuo Fujimoto, and Saburoh Midorikawa, 2005, Average Shear-Wave Velocity Mapping Using Japan Engineering Geomorphologic Classification Map, Journals of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers, No.794, 239-251 (in Japanese).

13) Jonathan P. Stewart, Yoojoong Choi, and Robert W. Graves, 2005, Empirical Characterization of Site Conditions on Strong Ground Motion, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.