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Curriculum of the Global Seismological Observation Course
Subject: Nuclear Disarmament and CTBT
Lecturer: Yasunari Morino
Days: 1 hour
Contents: Political background and history of nuclear disarmament are introduced.
Syllabus:
  1. Development of Nuclear Weapons
  2. History of Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament
    1. Multilateral Treaties
      1. PTBT (Partial Test Ban Treaty)
      2. NPT (Nuclear Non - Proliferation Treaty)
    2. US - Russian Bilateral Treaties
      1. SALT (Strategic Offensive Arms Limitation Treaty)
      2. START (Strategic Offensive Arms Reduction and Limitation Treaty)
  3. Japanese Policy
    1. to build up practical measures for nuclear disarmament aiming at a world free of nuclear weapons
    2. has become the fifth state to conclude the CTBT
    3. efforts to kick off the Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty negotiation at the Conference on Disarmament
  4. CTBT
    1. CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty)
    2. Scope of the Treaty
    3. Verification
      1. International Monitoring System(IMS)
      2. On-Site Inspection (OSI)
Subject: Introduction of CTBT Regime Concerning Seismology
Lecturer: Shigeji Suyehiro and Keiji Doi
Days: 1
Contents:
  1. Review of verification of nuclear tests and seismology
  2. Explanation of present status and future plan of CTBT concerning seismology
Syllabus:
  1. Introduction
  2. Historical Review of nuclear tests and verification
  3. What seismology can contribute for nuclear test ban
  4. GSE activities
  5. Overview of CTBT from the viewpoint of seismology
  6. Present status of GSETT-3
  7. Status plan on transition from GSETT-3 to CTBT regime concerning seismology
Subject: Global Seismic Networks
Lecturer: Hiroshi Inoue
Days: 0.5
Contents: Past, present and future of global seismic networks are summarized from scientific point of view.
Syllabus:
  1. Historical Overview
  2. Present status
  3. Scientific Achievement
  4. Future Directions
Subject: Instrumentation and Observation Practice (1) - Seismometer -
Lecturer: Toshiaki Yokoi
Days: 1.5
Contents: Basic theory of electro-magnetic seismometer and specific explanation for some broad band seismograph.
Syllabus:
  1. Principles of Seismograph
    1. Dynamics of Pendulum
      1. Free Oscillation
      2. Forced Oscillation of Damped Pendulum
    2. Moving Coil Type Electromagnetic Seismometer
    3. Feed Back Seismometer
  2. Broad Band Seismographs
    1. STS1&2
    2. Guralp CMG3T
Subject: Instrumentation and Observation Practice (2) -Recording system-
Lecturer: Yuichi Morita
Days: 1
Contents: A principle of data sampling, alias effect, analogue to digital conversion and data storage are summarized briefly. A data recorder which are used in apan is introduced, and the manipulation of it is explained. Using the data recorder, the practice of seismic data acquisition are carried out.
Syllabus:
  1. General introduction on the recording system
  2. Principle of the Pre-amplifier
  3. Principle of the Analogue-Digital converter
  4. Alias effect and Anti-alias filter
  5. Practice of seismic data acquisition using data logger
  6. General introduction on the data transmission
Subject: Instrumentation and Observation Practice (3) -Telemetering system-
Lecturer: Norihiko Seto & H. Murakami
Days: 1
Contents: A principle of data transmission using telephone line and wireless system is summarized briefly. And the manipulation of a wired telemetering system and a wireless system are explained. A practice of seismic data transmission are carried out using the telemetering systems.
Syllabus:
  1. Introduction
  2. Principle of the frequency modulation (FM)
  3. Principle of the pulse coded modulation (PCM)
  4. Practice of using the telemetering systems
Subject: Instrumentation and Observation Practice (4) -Noise survey and site selection-
Lecturer: H. Murakami & N. Seto
Days: 1
Contents: Practice in measurement of ground tremor will be given with shortperiod sensors and a broadband sensor.
Syllabus:
  1. Origin of ground tremor
  2. 2. Practice
Subject: Instrumentation and Observation Practice (5) -AutoDRM-
Lecturer: Seiji Tsuboi
Days: 1
Contents: The auxiliary stations under IMS network should send seismograms by e-mail upon request from IDC. To realize this data transmission automatically, it is required to install Auto Data Request Manager (AutoDRM) at stations or National Data Center. In this lecture, we will review the Swiss AutoDRM system, which is widely used around the world for GSETT-3. The lecture includes the installation and maintenance of this AutoDRM system.
Syllabus:
  1. What is AutoDRM?
  2. How Autodrm works?
  3. Installing the AutoDRM.
  4. Maintenance of AutoDRM as the auxiliary station.
Subject: Instrumentation and observation practice (8) -National data center (NDC)-
Lecturer: Toyomi Sakamoto
Days: 1
Contents: System and operation in national data center (NDC) will be introduced.
Syllabus:
  1. Japan NDC system description
    1. Alpha Station
    2. Beta Station
      Observe the JPN NDC system
  2. NDC operation
    1. Introduction
    2. Information exchange format
    3. Information exchange exercise
Subject: Reading Teleseismic Records
Lecturer: Osamu Kamigaichi
Days: 1
Contents:
  1. Explanation of principles underlying the interpretation of seismograms
  2. Reading practice
Syllabus :
  1. Principles underlying the interpretation of seismograms
    1. General properties of seismic waves
    2. Information contained in seismograms
      1. Source information
      2. Earth structure information
      3. Site effects
    3. General properties of Ray
      1. Travel time charts
      2. How amplitude changes
      3. How waveform changes
      4. Effects of typical inner structure
  2. Reading practice
    1. How to estimate focal depth
    2. How to estimate epicentral distance and origin time
    3. Identification of phases
Subject: Hypocenter Location
Lecturer: Nobuo Hurukawa
Days: 2
Contents: A method for determining a hypocenter of a teleseismic event will be explained as well as that of a local one. Practice of the hypocenter determination will be given using PC.
Syllabus:
  1. Introduction
  2. Travel Time Table
    1. 2.1 Structure of the Earth
    2. 2.2 Travel Time Table
  3. Hypocenter Determination
    1. 3.1 Single event Method
    2. 3.2 Joint Hypocenter Determination (JHD) Method
  4. Practice in Hypocenter Determination
Subject: Seismicity and Tectonics
Lecturer: Yuzo Ishikawa
Days: 1
Contents: The characteristics and tectonic background of the seismicity in the world are introduced and practice on analyzing seismicity is given by using personal computer.
Syllabus:
  1. Plate tectonics
  2. Interplate earthquake
    1. Ridge
    2. Transform fault
    3. Subduction zone
  3. Intraplate earthquake
  4. Artificial event
  5. Practice with Seis-PC
Subject: Data processing
Lecturer: Bunichiro Shibazaki, Tatsuhiko Hara
Days: 3
Contents: Practice of data retrieval and plotting seismograms will be given. Then basic theory and practice of data processing used frequently in the field of global seismology will be given. You will practice using broad and short-period seismograms of nuclear explosions and earthquakes.
Syllabus:
  1. Processing seismic waveform data
    1. Processing IDC waveform data (by Shibazaki)
      1. Tutorial of sac
      2. Plotting IDC data
    2. Processing broadband seismic data of other networks (by Hara)
      1. Gopher system at ERI
      2. IRIS DMC
  2. Fourier spectral analysis (by Shibazaki)
    1. Fourier spectrum
    2. Frequency response of instrument
    3. Analysis of seismograms
  3. Digital Filter (by Hara)
    1. Basic concept
    2. Synthetic experiment
    3. Data analyses of observed data
    4. Comparison between natural earthquakes and nuclear explosion
Subject: Discrimination of nuclear test by mb-Ms
Lecturer: Osamu Kamigaichi
Days: 1
Contents: General introduction on magnitudes, practice of determination of mb and Ms, and discrimination by mb-Ms
Syllabus:
  1. General introduction on magnitudes
    mb
    Ms
    Moment magnitude
    Other magnitudes
  2. Practice of determination of mb and Ms
  3. mb-Ms as a global discriminant of nuclear test
  4. Discrimination practice by mb-Ms
Subject: Discrimination of nuclear test by short period discriminants
Lecturer: Osamu Kamigaichi and Keiji Nakai
Days: 1
Contents: Explanation of short period discriminants, practice of discrimination by short period discriminants
Syllabus:
  1. Introduction on short period discriminants
    1. 1.1 Complexity
    2. 1.2 Spetcral ratio
    3. 1.3 The third moment of frequency
  2. Other discriminants
  3. Practice of discrimination by short period discriminants
Subject: Practice at Matsushiro Seismological Observatory
Lecturer: Hiroyuki Takayama, Yuji Nishimae and Noriko Kamaya Ph.D.
Days: 3
Contents:
  1. Inspection of Matsushiro Seismological Observatory
  2. Inspection of One Observation Point of Seismic Array
  3. Seismic Array Data Processing
  4. Practice: Analysis of seismograms obtained by MSAS (Matsushiro Seismic Array System)
Syllabus:
  1. Seismological observation at Matsushiro Seismological Observatory
    1. 1.1 Explanation of instruments
    2. 1.2 Inspection of observation facilities
  2. Seismic array observation
    1. 2.1 Analysis at International Data Center for CTBT
    2. 2.2 What is a seismic array?
    3. 2.3 Examples of arrays in the world
    4. 2.4 Seismic Array at Matsushiro
  3. Inspection of and observation point at Takimoto
  4. Seismic array data processing
    1. Objectives of seismic array processing
    2. Signal and noise models
    3. Travel-time data analysis
    4. Beam-forming
    5. FK analysis
  5. Practice: Analysis of seismograms obtained by MSAS
    1. Determination of apparent velocity and direction
    2. FK analysis
    3. Identification of teleseismic phases and determination of epicentral distance and focal depth
Subject: Practice on source mechanism
Lecturer: Daisuke Suetsugu and Kenji Satake
Days: 3
Contents: The purpose of this lecture is to provide you with necessary basic knowledge for determination of focal mechanism by seismic wave analysis. It includes a manual P-wave first motion method and moment tensor inversion.
Syllabus:
  1. Terms and parameters of seismic fault
  2. Double couple model for seismic source
  3. Focal mechanism diagram
    1. Basic concept of focal mechanism diagram
    2. How to see and interpret focal mechanism diagram
  4. Determination of focal mechanism by P-wave first motion method
    1. Manual method
    2. P-first motion method using PC software
    3. Composite P-first motion method.
  5. Determination of focal mechanism by moment tensor inversion
    1. Moment tensor
    2. Moment tensor inversion of p-first motion data
    3. Moment tensor inversion of waveform data
Subject: Synthetic discrimination practice of nuclear test
Lecturer: Osamu Kamigaichi, Keiji Nakai and Daisuke Suetsugu
Days: 2
Contents: Practice of the screening procedure along the stream line by using all knowledge in this lecture course.
Syllabus:
  1. Review of the screening
  2. Practice along the stream line