1.17 Kalkan and Gülkan (2004)

1) Reference

Erol Kalkan and Polat Gülka, 2004, Empirical Attenuation Equations for Vertical Ground motion in Turkey, Earthquake Spectra, Volume 20, No. 3, 853-882.

2) Estimated physical parameter

- Peak ground acceleration (Vertical)

- Pseudo-absolute spectral acceleration (h=5%, T=0.1 to 2.00 sec) (Vertical)

3) Used strong motion data

- Area: Turkey

- Type of earthquake: Shallow crustal earthquake

- Period: 1976-2002 years

- Number of events: 47

- Number of records: 100

- Magnitude: Mw4.5-7.4

- Epicentral distance:

4) Style of faulting

(a) Normal

(b) Strike-slip

(c) Reverse

5) Ground condition

(a) Rock (V_S=700m/sec)

(b) Soil (V_S=400m/sec)

(c) Soft soil (V_S=200m/sec)

6) Definition of magnitude

Moment magnitude

7) Definition of source distance

Closest horizontal distance

8) Definition of horizontal component

Not specified

9) Applicability written in the paper

Closest horizontal distance <200km, Mw 4.5-7.5

10) Empirical attenuation formula

Y: vertical peak ground acceleration or pseudo-absolute vertical spectral acceleration (g)

M: moment magnitude

r_cl: closest horizontal distance from the station to a site of interest (km)

C₆, C₇: soil and soft soil amplification parameter with respect to rock

σ: standard deviation

P: a value of 0 for mean values and 1 for 84-percentile of lnY_V

Table 1.17-1 Coefficients for vertical PGA and 5-percent-damped spectral accelerations