1.18 Kalkan and Gülkan (2004)

1) Reference

Erol Kalkan and Polat Gülkan, 2004, Site-Dependent Spectra Derived from Ground motion Records in Turkey, Earthquake Spectra, Volume 20, No. 4, 1111-1138.

2) Estimated physical parameter

- Peak ground acceleration (Horizontal)

- Pseudo-spectral acceleration (h=5%, T=0.1 to 2.00 sec) (Horizontal)

3) Used strong motion data

- Area: Turkey

- Type of earthquake: Shallow crustal earthquake

- Period: 1976-2003 years

- Number of events: 57

- Number of records: 112

- Magnitude: Mw4.0-7.4

- Epicentral distance:

4) Style of faulting

(a) Normal

(b) Strike-slip

(c) Reverse

5) Ground condition

(a) Rock (V_S=700m/sec)

(b) Soil (V_S=400m/sec)

(c) Soft soil (V_S=200m/sec)

6) Definition of magnitude

Moment magnitude

7) Definition of source distance

Closest horizontal distance

8) Definition of horizontal component

The larger value of the two horizontal components

9) Applicability written in the paper

Closest horizontal distance <250km, Mw 4.0-7.5

10) Empirical attenuation formula

Y: peak ground acceleration or pseudo-spectral acceleration (g)

M: moment magnitude

r_cl: closest horizontal distance from the station to a site of interest (km)

V_S: characteristic shear wave velocity for the station (m/s)

Table 1.18-1 Coefficients for mean horizontal PGA and 5percent-damped PSA