Table Canada 1 
Force Modification Factors(1) 

Case

Type of Lateral-Force-Resisting System

R



1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

10
11
12
13
14
15



16
17
18
19



20
21
22
23

Steel Structures Designed and Detailed According to CAN/CSA-S16.1-M 
ductile moment-resisting frame
ductile eccentrically braced frame 
ductile steel plate shear wall 
ductile braced frame 
moment-resisting frame with nominal ductility 
nominally ductile steel plate shear wall 
braced frame with nominal ductility
ordinary steel plate shear wall
 
other lateral-force-resisting systems not defined in Cases 1 to 8

Reinforced Concrete Structures Designed and Detailed
According to CSA A23.3

ductile moment-resisting frame
ductile coupled wall 
other ductile wall systems

moment-resisting frame with nominal ductility
wall with nominal ductility
other lateral-force-resisting systems not defined in Cases 10 to 14

Timber Structures Designed and Detailed According to CSA O86.1
railed shear panel with plywood, wafer board or OSB
concentrically braced heavy timber frame with ductile connections moment-resisting wood frame with ductile connections 
other systems not included in Cases 16 to 18

Masonry Structures Designed Detailed According to CSA
S304.1
 
reinforced masonry wall with nominal ductility
reinforced masonry
unreinforced masonry
Other Later-force-resisting Systems not Defined in Cases 1 to 22


4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.5

 

4.0
4.0
3.5
2.0
2.0
1.5

 

3.0
2.0
2.0
1.5


 

2.0
1.5
1.0
1.0