Section Venezuela 1
 Design Spectra
 The ordinates Ad of the design spectra are defined on the basis of the period T as Follows:

T < T+
T+ ≤ T < T*
T ≥ T* 

α = use coefficient given in Section 4；
R = response reduction factor given Section 5 (see Fig. 1)； 
Ao = maximum horizontal ground acceleration expressed as a fraction of g according to Table 2
β = average magnification factor according to Table 1；
T* = period given in Table 1；
p = exponent defining the descending branch of the spectrum according to Table 1；

 

Section Venezuela 2
 Permanent Loads
 Permanent Loads must include the weight of the construction elements in themselves, whether structural or not, as well as the weight of machinery and equipment whose mass is not negligible.

Variable Loads
In order to determine the total weight W, the percentages of the variable loads specified below must be added to the permanent loads: 

  1. Liquid storage tanks: one hundred per cent (100%) of the service load, with the full tank.
  2. Warehouses and storage places in general, where the load is of the permanent type such as libraries, files: one hundred per cent (100%) of the service load.
  3. Public parking lots: in no case the adopted value will be less than fifty per cent (50%) of the variable servise load prescribed in the respective codes, considering the parking lot to be full.
  4. Building where there may be a concentration of public, larger than 200 persons such as: schools, theaters, comercial, institutional and industrial: twenty five per cent (25&) of the variable service load.
  5. Non-accessible roofs and terraces: zero per cent (0%) of the variable load.

　

Section Venezuela 3
 Determination
The building must be designed to withstand a base shear equal to:

Vo = CW

where:
C = the seismic coefficient determined pursuant to the analysis methods set forth
W = the total weight of the building above the base level; for this the permanent and variable loads specified in section 2 is to be taken into account.

α and Ao  In any event, the value of C shall not be less than , where α and Ao are defined in Section 1.

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Section Venezuela 4
 Use Coefficient
 In keeping with the foregoing classification, a use coefficient α is established as a set forth.

GROUP

α

A

1.30

B1

1.15

B2

1.00

The building in Group C do not require a seismic analysis.

　

Section Venezuela 5
 Response Reduction Factor
 For calculation of the ordinates of the design spectra a reduction factor R shall be used, as given by:

DESIGN LEVEL

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

STRUCTURE TYPE

I

II

III

IIIa

IV

DL3

6.0

5.0

4.5

5.0

2.0

DL2

4.0

3.5

3.0

3.5

1.5

DL1

2.0

1.75

1.5

2.0

1.25

DESIGN LEVEL

STEEL STRUCTURES

STRUCTURE TYPE

I

II

III

IIIa

IV

DL3

6.0(1)

5.0

4.0

6.0(2)

2.0

DL2

4.5

4.0

-

-

1.5

DL1

2.5

2.25

2.0

-

1.25

(1) In frames with trussed beams a value of 5.0 will be used limited to buildings of no more than 30 meters tall.
(2) Where the fasten beam-column connection is flexible type 2, use 5.0.

DESIGN LEVEL

STEEL-CONCRETE MIXED STRUCTURES

STRUCTURE TYPE

I

II

III

IIIa

IV

DL3

6.0

5.0

4.0

6.0(1)

2.0

DL2

4.0

4.0

-

-

1.5

DL1

2.25

2.50

2.25

-

1.0

(1) For structural walls reinforced with steel planks and edge members of steel-concrete mixed section, use 5.0.